Plagiobothrys

Nutlet image of Adelinia Nutlet image of Amsinckia Nutlet image of Amsinckiopsis Nutlet image of Andersonglossum Nutlet image of Cryptantha Nutlet image of Dasynotus Nutlet image of Eremocarya Nutlet image of Greeneocharis Nutlet image of Gruvelia Nutlet image of Harpagonella Nutlet image of Johnstonella Nutlet image of Oncaglossum Nutlet image of Oreocarya Nutlet image of Pectocarya Nutlet image of Plagiobothrys Nutlet image of Simpsonanthus Nutlet image of Sonnea
Adelinia Amsinckia Amsinckiopsis Andersonglossum Cryptantha Dasynotus Eremocarya Greeneocharis Gruvelia Harpagonella Johnstonella Oncaglossum Oreocarya Pectocarya Plagiobothrys Simpsonanthus Sonnea

Systematics of Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae): The Popcorn Flowers

[Amsinckiinae HOME]

Plagiobothrys Fischer & C.A.Meyer

Index Seminum [St.Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 2: 46[21] (1836)


Pronunciation/Pronunciación:
Pla-gi-o-bó-thrys
Etymology/Etimología:

Gr. plagios, oblique/sideways, + bothros, pit or scar, possibly referring to the attachment scar of the type species, Plagiobothrys fulvus
Synonyms/Sinónimos:





Allocarya Greene, Pittonia 1: 12 (1887)
Allocaryastrum Brand, H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 252(97): 99 (1931)
Echidiocarya A.Gray ex Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2: 854 (1876)
Echinoglochin (A.Gray) Brand, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 252 (1925)
Glyptocaryopsis Brand, H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 252(97): 104 (1931)
Maccoya F.Muell., Fragm. 1: 127 (1859)

Type Species/EspeciesTipo:
Plagiobothrys fulvus (Hooker & Arnott) I.M.Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 68: 70 (1923)

Distribution of Plagiobothrys:
Plagiobothrys distribution, from GBIF
Plagiobothrys distribution, from POWO Distribution map of Plagiobothrys: Australiasian Virtual Herbarium
ABOVE: GBIF 2019: https://www.gbif.org. Accessed 24 Dec 2019.
BELOW LEFT: POWO. 2019. Plants of the World Online. (Note: Australian distribution modified.) http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org. Green=native. Purple=non-native. Red border=extinct (1 sp.) Accessed 24 Dec 2019.
BELOW RIGHT: Australiasian Virtual Herbarium, distribution of the 5 Australian Plagiobothrys spp. https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=Plagiobothrys#tab_mapView. Accessed 2 Jan 2020.




TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA IN GENUS:
68 species and 85 minimally ranked taxa


NORTH AMERICAN TAXA
[=also in South America; ††=also in Australia; =also in Russia]
NOTE: All taxa are Annual except P. mollis, which is perennial.
43 species (57 taxa) of Plagiobothrys in North America
43 especies (57 taxones) de
Plagiobothrys de Norteamericana
Johnston's 1923 Treatment
Johnston's 1932 Treatment
Jepson eFlora Treatment (2019; California taxa only)


List by Sections/Series

SOUTH AMERICAN TAXA
[ = also in North America] A = Annual; P = Perennial
24 species (24 taxa) of Plagiobothrys in South America
24 especies (24 taxones) de Plagiobothrys de Sudamericana
Johnston's 1927 Treatment



List by Sections/Series

TAXON/TAXÓN                                                               COUNTRY/PAÍS
Plagiobothrys acanthocarpus (Piper) I.M.Johnston
  Mexico USA
Plagiobothrys arizonicus (A.Gray) A.Gray
  Mexico USA
Plagiobothrys austiniae (Greene) I. M Johnston [P. austinae]
  USA
Plagiobothrys bracteatus (Howell) I.M.Johnston
Mexico USA
Plagiobothrys canescens Bentham
USA
   var. canescens
  USA
   var. catalinensis (A.Gray) Jepson
USA
Plagiobothrys chorisianus (Chamisso) I.M.Johnston
  USA
   var. chorisianus 1B.2
USA
   var. hickmanii (Greene) I.M.Johnston 4.2
USA
Plagiobothrys cognatus (Greene) I.M.Johnston
  USA
Plagiobothrys collinus (Philippi) I.M.Johnston
Mexico USA
   var. californicus (A.Gray) Higgins
  Mexico USA
   var. fulvescens (I.M.Johnston) Higgins
Mexico USA
   var. gracilis (I.M.Johnston) Higgins
Mexico USA
   var. pringlei (Greene) Guilliams & B. G. Baldwin
Mexico USA
   var. ursinus (A.Gray) Higgins
Mexico USA
Plagiobothrys cusickii (Greene) I.M.Johnston
Canada USA
Plagiobothrys diffusus (Greene) I.M.Johnston 1B.1
  USA
Plagiobothrys distantiflorus (Piper) I.M.Johnston ex M.Peck
  USA
Plagiobothrys figuratus (Piper) M.Peck
Canada USA
   var. corallicarpus (Piper) K.L.Chambers
  USA
   var. figuratus
Canada   USA
Plagiobothrys fulvus (Hooker & Arnott) I.M.Johnston
USA
   var. campestris (Greene) I.M.Johnston
USA
Plagiobothrys glaber (A.Gray) I.M.Johnston 1A (extinct)
USA
Plagiobothrys glyptocarpus (Piper) I.M.Johnston
USA
   var. glyptocarpus
USA
   var. modestus I.M.Johnston 3
  USA
Plagiobothrys greenei (A.Gray) I.M.Johnston
    USA
Plagiobothrys hirtus (Greene) I.M.Johnston F.E.
USA
Plagiobothrys hispidulus (Greene) I.M.Johnston
Canada   USA
Plagiobothrys humistratus (Greene) I.M.Johnston
    USA
Plagiobothrys hystriculus (Piper) I.M.Johnston 1B.1
  USA
Plagiobothrys infectivus I.M.Johnston
  USA
Plagiobothrys lamprocarpus (Piper) I.M.Johnston (extinct)
  USA
Plagiobothrys leptocladus (Greene) I.M.Johnston
Canada Mexico USA
Plagiobothrys lithocaryus (Greene) I.M.Johnston 1A (extinct)
    USA
Plagiobothrys mollis (A.Gray) I.M.Johnston
  USA
   var. mollis
  USA
   var. vestitus (Greene) I.M.Johnston 1A (extinct)
  USA
Plagiobothrys nitens (Greene) I.M.Johnston 2B.1
  USA
Plagiobothrys nothofulvus (A.Gray) A.Gray
Mexico USA
Plagiobothrys orientalis (L.) I.M.Johnston
Canada USA
Plagiobothrys parishii I.M.Johnston 1B.1
USA
Plagiobothrys reticulatus (Piper) I.M.Johnston
  USA
   var. reticulatus
USA
   var. rossianorum I.M.Johnston
  USA
Plagiobothrys salsus (Brandegee) I.M.Johnston 2B.2
USA
Plagiobothrys scouleri (Hooker & Arnott) I.M.Johnston Canada USA
Plagiobothrys scriptus (Greene) I.M.Johnston
USA
Plagiobothrys shastensis A.Gray
USA
Plagiobothrys stipitatus (Greene) I.M.Johnston
  USA
   var. micranthus (Piper) I.M.Johnston
    USA
   var. stipitatus
  USA
Plagiobothrys strictus (Greene) I.M.Johnston 1B.1, F.E.
  USA
Plagiobothrys tenellus (Hooker) A.Gray
Canada Mexico USA
Plagiobothrys tener (Greene) I.M.Johnston
USA
   var. subglaber I.M.Johnston
USA
   var. tener
USA
Plagiobothrys torreyi (A.Gray) A.Gray
USA
   var. diffusus I.M.Johnston
USA
   var. perplexans I.M.Johnston 4.3
USA
   var. torreyi 1B.2
USA
Plagiobothrys trachycarpus (A.Gray) I.M.Johnston 
USA
Plagiobothrys uncinatus J. Howell 1B.2
USA
Plagiobothrys undulatus (Piper) I.M.Johnston
Mexico USA
Plagiobothrys verrucosus (Philippi) I.M.Johnston 2B.1
  USA
     
TAXON/TAXÓN                                                   COUNTRY/PAÍS
Plagiobothrys armeriifolius (Philippi) I.M.Johnston  (A)
Chile
Plagiobothrys calandrinioides (Philippi) I.M.Johnston  (A)
Argentina Bolivia Chile
Plagiobothrys collinus (Philippi) I.M.Johnston   (A)
Chile
   var. collinus (A)
Chile
Plagiobothrys congestus (Wedd.) I.M.Johnston (P)
Argentina Bolivia     Peru
Plagiobothrys corymbosus (Ruiz & Pavon) I.M.Johnston (A)
Argentina Chile
Plagiobothrys foliosus I.M.Johnston (P)
Chile
Plagiobothrys fulvus (Hook. & Arn.) I.M.Johnston(A)
  Chile
   var. fulvus
Chile
Plagiobothrys germainii (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (P)
Chile
Plagiobothrys gracilis (Ruiz & Pav.) I.M.Johnston (A?)
  Chile
Plagiobothrys humilis (Ruiz & Pav.) I.M.Johnston (P)
Bolivia     Peru
Plagiobothrys kunthii (Walp.) I.M.Johnston (P)
Argentina Bolivia Chile   Peru
Plagiobothrys linifolius (Lehmann) I.M.Johnston (P)
Chile
Plagiobothrys macbridei I.M.Johnston (A)
    Peru
Plagiobothrys mesembryanthemoides (Speg.) I.M.Johnston
Argentina      
Plagiobothrys myosotoides (Lehmann) Brand (A)
Chile   Peru
   [var. patagonicus (I.M.Johnston) Brand=P. verrucosus]     
 
Plagiobothrys oppositifolius (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (A)
  Chile
Plagiobothrys pedicellaris (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (A)
Chile
Plagiobothrys polycaulis (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (A)
Chile
Plagiobothrys pratensis (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (A)
Chile
Plagiobothrys procumbens (Colla) A.Gray (A)
Argentina Chile
Plagiobothrys pulchellus (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (?)
Chile
Plagiobothrys pygmaeus (Kunth) I.M.Johnston (P)
  Ecuador  
Plagiobothrys uliginosus (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (A)
Chile    
Plagiobothrys verrucosus (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (A)
Argentina Chile
   
NAMES NOT VALIDLY PUBLISHED (Horn 2000):
 
Plagiobothrys corniculatus N.Horn, ined.
 
Plagiobothrys graminifolius (Philippi) N.Horn, ined.
 
Plagiobothrys linifolius (Lehmann) I.M.Johnston
     
  subsp. pygmaeus (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) N.Horn, ined.      
 
Plagiobothrys magellanicus N.Horn, ined.
 
Plagiobothrys myosotoides (Lehmann) Brand
 
   subsp. verrucosus (Philippi) N.Horn, ined.
 
Plagiobothrys sessiliflorus (DC) N.Horn, ined.
 
Plagiobothrys vernus (Philippi) N Horn, ined.
 
   
   
AUSTRALIAN TAXA
[Note: P. canescens considered naturalized in Australia]
NOTE: Australian taxa need verification.
4 species (4 taxa) of Plagiobothrys in Australia
4 especies (4 taxones) de Plagiobothrys de Australia
Johnston's 1927 Treatment
See: The Australasian Virtual Herbarium

Plagiobothrys australasicus (A.DC.) I.M.Johnston
Australia  
Plagiobothrys elachanthus (F.Mueller) I.M.Johnston
Australia  
Plagiobothrys orthostatus J.M.Black
Australia  
Plagiobothrys plurisepalus (F.Mueller) I.M.Johnston
Australia  
   

Federal Listings:

F.E. = Federally Endangered

California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Inventory Listings:
1A = Plants presumed extirpated in California and either rare or extinct elsewhere
1B = Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere
2A = Plants presumed extirpated in California but common elsewhere
2B = Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California but common elsewhere
3 = Plants about which more information is needed, a review list
4 = Plants of limited distribution, a watch list
.1 = Seriously threatened in California — Over 80% of occurrences threatened / high degree and immediacy of threat
.2 = Moderately threatened in California — 20-80% of occurrences threatened / moderate degree and immediacy of threat
.3 = Not very threatened in California — Less than 20% of occurrences threatened / low degree and immediacy of threat or no current threats known

KEYS/CLAVES TO CALIFORNIA PLAGIOBOTHRYS (Jepson eFlora)


CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF AMSINCKIINAE, including Plagiobothrys



LITERATURE CITED:

Fischer, F. E. L. and C. A. Meyer. 1836. Plagiobothrys. Index Seminum [St.Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 2:46-47 (printed 21-22).
Guilliams, C. M. 2015. Diversification, biogeography, and classification of the Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae), with an emphasis on the popcorn flowers (Plagiobothrys).
      PhD Dissertation. University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California.
Johnston, I. M. 1923. Studies in the Boraginaceae. A synopsis and redefinition of Plagiobothrys. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 68:57-80.
Johnston, I. M. 1927. Studies in the Boraginaceae VI. A revision of the South American Boraginoideae. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 78:1-118.
Johnston, I. M. 1932. The Allocarya section of Plagiobothrys in the western United States. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 3:5-82.





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