Systematics of Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae): The Popcorn Flowers

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Plagiobothrys Fischer & C.A.Meyer

Index Seminum [St.Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 2: 46[21] (1836)

Pronunciation/Pronunciación:
Pla-gi-o-bó-thrys

Etymology/Etimología:

Gr. plagios, oblique/sideways, + bothros, pit or scar, possibly referring to the attachment scar of the type species, Plagiobothrys fulvus

Synonyms/Sinónimos:

Allocarya Greene, Pittonia 1: 12 (1887)
Allocaryastrum Brand, H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 252(97): 99 (1931)
Echidiocarya A.Gray ex Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2: 854 (1876)
Echinoglochin (A.Gray) Brand, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 21: 252 (1925)
Glyptocaryopsis Brand, H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 252(97): 104 (1931)
Maccoya F.Muell., Fragm. 1: 127 (1859)

Type Species/EspeciesTipo:
Plagiobothrys fulvus (Hooker & Arnott) I.M.Johnston, Contr. Gray Herb. 68: 70 (1923)

Distribution of Plagiobothrys:

ABOVE: GBIF 2019: https://www.gbif.org. Accessed 24 Dec 2019.
BELOW LEFT: POWO. 2019. Plants of the World Online. (Note: Australian distribution modified.) http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org. Green=native. Purple=non-native. Red border=extinct (1 sp.) Accessed 24 Dec 2019.
BELOW RIGHT: Australiasian Virtual Herbarium, distribution of the 5 Australian Plagiobothrys spp. https://avh.ala.org.au/occurrences/search?taxa=Plagiobothrys#tab_mapView. Accessed 2 Jan 2020.

TOTAL NUMBER OF CURRENTLY ACCEPTED TAXA IN GENUS:
67 species and 84 minimally ranked taxa

NORTH AMERICAN TAXA
[†=also in South America; ††=also in Australia; †††=also in Russia]
NOTE: All taxa are Annual
43 species (57 taxa) of Plagiobothrys in North America
43 especies (57 taxones) de Plagiobothrys de Norteamericana
Johnston's 1923 Treatment
Johnston's 1932 Treatment

Listing by Series [*=Series placement not recognized by Johnston]
Back to Alphabetical Listing

SOUTH AMERICAN TAXA
[† = also in North America] A = Annual; P = Perennial
23 species (23 taxa) of Plagiobothrys in South America
23 especies (23 taxones) de Plagiobothrys de Sudamericana
Johnston's 1927 Treatment

Listing by Series [*=Series placement not recognized by Johnston]
Back to Alphabetical Listing

TAXON/TAXÓN                                                               COUNTRY/PAÍS

Section Allocarya (Johnston 1923, 1932)

Plagiobothrys acanthocarpus (Piper) I.M.Johnston
Mexico USA

Plagiobothrys austiniae (Greene) I. M Johnston [P. austinae]
USA

Plagiobothrys bracteatus (Howell) I.M.Johnston
Mexico USA

Plagiobothrys chorisianus (Chamisso) I.M.Johnston
USA

   var. chorisianus 1B.2
USA

   var. hickmanii (Greene) I.M.Johnston 4.2
USA

Plagiobothrys cognatus (Greene) I.M.Johnston
USA

Plagiobothrys cusickii (Greene) I.M.Johnston
Canada USA

Plagiobothrys diffusus (Greene) I.M.Johnston 1B.1
USA

Plagiobothrys distantiflorus (Piper) I.M.Johnston ex M.Peck
USA

Plagiobothrys figuratus (Piper) M.Peck
Canada USA

   var. corallicarpus (Piper) K.L.Chambers
USA

   var. figuratus
Canada USA

Plagiobothrys glaber (A.Gray) I.M.Johnston 1A (extinct)
USA

Plagiobothrys glyptocarpus (Piper) I.M.Johnston
USA

   var. glyptocarpus
USA

   var. modestus I.M.Johnston 3
USA

Plagiobothrys greenei (A.Gray) I.M.Johnston
USA

Plagiobothrys hirtus (Greene) I.M.Johnston
USA

Plagiobothrys hispidulus (Greene) I.M.Johnston
Canada USA

Plagiobothrys humistratus (Greene) I.M.Johnston
USA

Plagiobothrys hystriculus (Piper) I.M.Johnston 1B.1
USA

Plagiobothrys lamprocarpus (Piper) I.M.Johnston (extinct)
USA

Plagiobothrys leptocladus (Greene) I.M.Johnston
Canada Mexico USA

Plagiobothrys lithocaryus (Greene) I.M.Johnston 1A (extinct)
USA

Plagiobothrys mollis (A.Gray) I.M.Johnston
USA

   var. mollis
USA

   var. vestitus (Greene) I.M.Johnston 1A (extinct)
USA

Plagiobothrys nitens (Greene) I.M.Johnston 2B.1
USA

Plagiobothrys orientalis (L.) I.M.Johnston †††
Canada USA

Plagiobothrys parishii I.M.Johnston 1B.1
USA

Plagiobothrys reticulatus (Piper) I.M.Johnston
USA

   var. reticulatus
USA

   var. rossianorum I.M.Johnston
USA

Plagiobothrys salsus (Brandegee) I.M.Johnston 2B.2
USA

Plagiobothrys scouleri (Hooker & Arnott) I.M.Johnston Canada USA

Plagiobothrys scriptus (Greene) I.M.Johnston
USA

Plagiobothrys stipitatus (Greene) I.M.Johnston
USA

   var. micranthus (Piper) I.M.Johnston
USA

   var. stipitatus
USA

Plagiobothrys strictus (Greene) I.M.Johnston 1B.1
USA

Plagiobothrys tener (Greene) I.M.Johnston
USA

   var. subglaber I.M.Johnston
USA

   var. tener
USA

Plagiobothrys trachycarpus (A.Gray) I.M.Johnston
USA

Plagiobothrys undulatus (Piper) I.M.Johnston
Mexico USA

Plagiobothrys verrucosus (Philippi) I.M.Johnston 2B.1 †
USA

Section Costacarya (after Guilliams 2015)

Plagiobothrys arizonicus (A.Gray) A.Gray
Mexico USA

Plagiobothrys canescens Bentham ††
USA

   var. canescens ††
USA

   var. catalinensis (A.Gray) Jepson
USA

   var. campestris (Greene) I.M.Johnston
USA

Plagiobothrys nothofulvus (A.Gray) A.Gray
Mexico USA

Section Echidiocarya (Johnston 1923)

Plagiobothrys collinus (Philippi) I.M.Johnston †
Mexico USA

   var. californicus (A.Gray) Higgins
Mexico USA

   var. fulvescens (I.M.Johnston) Higgins
Mexico USA

   var. gracilis (I.M.Johnston) Higgins
Mexico USA

   var. pringlei (Greene) Guilliams & B. G. Baldwin
Mexico USA

   var. ursinus (A.Gray) Higgins
Mexico USA

Section Plagiobothrys (Johnston 1923)

Plagiobothrys fulvus (Hooker & Arnott) I.M.Johnston †
USA

Plagiobothrys infectivus I.M.Johnston
USA

Section Striacarya (after Guilliams 2015)

Plagiobothrys shastensis A.Gray
USA

Plagiobothrys tenellus (Hooker) A.Gray
Canada Mexico USA

Plagiobothrys tinctorius (Ruiz & Pavon) A.Gray

Plagiobothrys torreyi (Greene) I.M.Johnston
USA

   var. diffusus I.M.Johnston
USA

   var. perplexans I.M.Johnston 4.3
USA

   var. torreyi 1B.2
USA

Plagiobothrys uncinatus J. Howell 1B.2
USA

TAXON/TAXÓN                                                   COUNTRY/PAÍS

Section Allocarya (Johnston 1923, 1932; Horn 2000)

Plagiobothrys armeriifolius (Philippi)I.M.Johnston (A)
Chile

Plagiobothrys calandrinioides (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (A)
Argentina Bolivia Chile

Plagiobothrys congestus (Wedd.) I.M.Johnston (P)
Argentina Bolivia Peru

Plagiobothrys corymbosus (Ruiz & Pavon) I.M.Johnston (A)
Argentina Chile

Plagiobothrys germainii (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (P)
Chile

Plagiobothrys gracilis (Ruiz & Pav.) I.M.Johnston (A?)
Chile

Plagiobothrys humilis (Ruiz & Pav.) I.M.Johnston (P)
Bolivia Peru

Plagiobothrys kunthii (Walp.) I.M.Johnston (P)
Argentina Bolivia Chile Peru

Plagiobothrys linifolius (Lehmann) I.M.Johnston (P)
Chile

Plagiobothrys macbridei I.M.Johnston (A)
Peru

Plagiobothrys mesembryanthemoides (Speg.) I.M.Johnston
Argentina

Plagiobothrys oppositifolius (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (A)
Chile

Plagiobothrys pedicellaris (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (A)
Chile

Plagiobothrys polycaulis (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (A)
Chile

Plagiobothrys pratensis (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (A)
Chile

Plagiobothrys procumbens (Colla) A.Gray (A)
Argentina Chile

Plagiobothrys pulchellus (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (?)
Chile

Plagiobothrys pygmaeus (Kunth) I.M.Johnston (P)
Ecuador

Plagiobothrys uliginosus (Philippi) I.M.Johnston (A)
Chile

Plagiobothrys verrucosus (Philippi) I.M.Johnston† (A)
Argentina Chile

Section Echidiocarya (Johnston 1923)

Plagiobothrys collinus (Philippi) I.M.Johnston†   (A)
Chile

   var. collinus (A)
Chile

Section Plagiobothrys (Johnston 1923; Horn 2000)

Plagiobothrys fulvus (Hook. & Arn.) I.M.Johnston†(A)
Chile

   var. fulvus
Chile

Plagiobothrys myosotoides (Lehmann) Brand (A)
Chile Peru

   [var. patagonicus (I.M.Johnston) Brand=P. verrucosus]

NAMES NOT VALIDLY PUBLISHED (Horn 2000):

Plagiobothrys corniculatus N.Horn, ined.

Plagiobothrys graminifolius (Philippi) N.Horn, ined.

Plagiobothrys linifolius (Lehmann) I.M.Johnston

subsp. pygmaeus (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) N.Horn, ined.

Plagiobothrys magellanicus N.Horn, ined.

Plagiobothrys myosotoides (Lehmann) Brand

   subsp. verrucosus (Philippi) N.Horn, ined.

Plagiobothrys sessiliflorus (DC) N.Horn, ined.

Plagiobothrys vernus (Philippi) N Horn, ined.

AUSTRALIAN TAXA
[† = also in North America]
NOTE: Australian taxa need verification.
5 species (5 taxa) of Plagiobothrys in Australia
5 especies (5 taxones) de Plagiobothrys de Australia
Johnston's 1927 Treatment
See: The Australasian Virtual Herbarium

Plagiobothrys australasicus (A.DC.) I.M.Johnston
Australia

Plagiobothrys canescens Bentham †
Australia USA

   var. canescens †
Australia USA

Plagiobothrys elachanthus (F.Mueller) I.M.Johnston
Australia

Plagiobothrys orthostatus J.M.Black
Australia

Plagiobothrys plurisepalus (F.Mueller) I.M.Johnston
Australia

California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Inventory Listings:

1A = California endemic, presumed extinct
1B = Rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere
2 = Rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common elsewhere
3 = review list (they need more information to list or not)
4 = Limited distribution (Watch List)
.1 = Seriously endangered in California (over 80% of occurrences threatened / high degree and immediacy of threat)
.2 = Fairly endangered in California (20-80% occurrences threatened)
.3 = Not very endangered in California (<20% of occurrences threatened or no current threats known)

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Systematics of Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae): The Popcorn Flowers [Amsinckiinae HOME]

Plagiobothrys Fischer & C.A.Meyer

Systematics of Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae): The Popcorn Flowers

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