Adelinia

Amsinckia

Amsinckiopsis

Andersonglossum

Cryptantha

Dasynotus

Eremocarya

Greeneocharis

Gruvelia

Harpagonella

Johnstonella

Oncaglossum

Oreocarya

Pectocarya

Plagiobothrys

Simpsonanthus

Sonnea

Systematics of Amsinckiinae (Boraginaceae): The Popcorn Flowers

[Amsinckiinae HOME]

Oreocarya Greene Pittonia 1: 57 (1889)

Pronunciation/Pronunciación:	O-re-o-cár-ya
Etymology/Etimología:	Gr. oros or oreos, mountain, + karyon, a nut, in reference to the montane, often high elevation habitats of members of the genus
Synonyms/Sinónimos:	Cryptantha Lehmann ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4(1): 373 (1837) Cynoglossum L., Sp. Pl.: 134 (1753) Eritrichium Schrad. ex Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 2: 57 (1828) Hemisphaerocarya Brand, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 59 (1927) Krynitzkia Fischer & C.A.Meyer, Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 7: 52 (1841) Myosotis L., Sp. Pl.: 131 (1753) Rochelia Rchb., Flora 7: 243 (1824)
Type Species/EspeciesTipo:	Oreocarya glomerata (Pursh) Greene, Pittonia 1: 58 (1887)       J. Bradbury s.n., USA: Upper Louisiana (PH00008533). Basionym: Cynoglossum glomeratum Nuttall ex Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 729. 1814       Designated the type of Cryptantha, subgenus Oreocarya by Higgins 1971, in that work treated as Cryptantha celosioides (Eastwood) Payson,       as Cryptantha glomerata Lehmann ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4(1): 373 (1837), the type of the genus Cryptantha, was already in use.

Distribution of Oreocarya:

LEFT: POWO. 2019. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org.Green=native. Accessed 29 Dec 2019.
RIGHT: GBIF. 2019. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. http://www.gbif.org. Accessed 29 Dec 2019.

Treatment by Macbride 1916

Treatment by Payson 1927

Treatment by Higgins 1971

Jepson eFlora Treatment (California Species)

TOTAL NUMBER OF TAXA IN GENUS: 68 species and 76 minimally ranked taxa All species are present in USA; (CAN)=Canada also; (MEX)=Mexico also; (CAL)=California Cryptantha synonyms in brackets; red=synonyms with different epithet]

Oreocarya abortiva Greene (CAL)	[Cryptantha abortiva (Eastwood) Payson]
Oreocarya aperta Eastwood  GH (Possibly Extinct)	[Cryptantha aperta (Eastwood) Payson]
Oreocarya atwoodii (L.C.Higgins) Hasenstab & M.G.Simpson G2	[Cryptantha atwoodii L.C.Higgins]
Oreocarya bakeri Greene	[Cryptantha bakeri (Greene) Payson]
Oreocarya barnebyi (I.M.Johnston) Hasenstab & M.G.Simpson G2	[Cryptantha barnebyi I.M.Johnston]
Oreocarya breviflora Osterhout	[Cryptantha breviflora (Osterh.) Payson]
Oreocarya caespitosa A.Nelson	[Cryptantha caespitosa (A.Nelson) Payson]
Oreocarya cana A.Nelson	[Cryptantha cana (A.Nelson) Payson]
Oreocarya capitata Eastwood	[Cryptantha capitata (Eastwood) I.M.Johnston]
Oreocarya celosioides Eastwood (CAL)	[Cryptantha celosioides (Eastwood) Payson]
Oreocarya compacta (L.C.Higgins) R.B.Kelley G3	[Cryptantha compacta L.C.Higgins]
Oreocarya confertiflora Greene (CAL)	[Cryptantha confertiflora (Greene) Payson]
Oreocarya crassipes (I.M.Johnston) Hasenstab & M.G.Simpson G1, F.E.	[Cryptantha crassipes I.M.Johnston]
Oreocarya creutzfeldtii (S.L.Welsh) R.B.Kelley G2	[Cryptantha creutzfeldtii S. L. Welsh]
Oreocarya crymophila (I.M.Johnston) Jepson & Hoover (CAL) G3	[Cryptantha crymophila I.M.Johnston]
Oreocarya depressa (M.E. Jones) J.F.Macbride G3	[Cryptantha abata I.M.Johnston]
Oreocarya elata Eastwood G3	[Cryptantha elata (Eastwood) Payson]
Oreocarya flava A.Nelson	[Cryptantha flava (A.Nelson) Payson]
Oreocarya flavoculata A.Nelson (CAL)	[Cryptantha flavoculata (A.Nelson) Payson]
Oreocarya fulvocanescens (S. Watson) Greene	[Cryptantha fulvocanescens (S.Watson) Payson]
var. fulvocanescens	[C. f. var. fulvocanescens]
var. nitida (Greene) R.B.Kelley	[C. f. var. nitida (Greene) R.C. Sivinski]
Oreocarya glomerata (Pursh) Greene (CAN)	[Cryptantha bradburiana Payson (replacement name)]
Oreocarya grahamii (I.M.Johnston) R.B.Kelley G2	[Cryptantha grahamii I.M.Johnston]
Oreocarya hoffmannii (I.M.Johnston) Abrams (CAL) G3	[Cryptantha hoffmannii I.M.Johnston]
Oreocarya humilis (A.Gray) Greene	[Cryptantha humilis (A.Gray) Payson]
subsp. humilis (CAL)	[C. humilis var. humilis]
subsp. nana (Eastwood) W.A.Weber	[C. humilis var. nana (Eastwood) L.C.Higgins]
Oreocarya hypsophila (I.M.Johnston) Hasenstab & M.G.Simpson	[Cryptantha hypsophila I.M.Johnston]
Oreocarya insolita J.F.Macbride G2 (Possibly Extinct)	[Cryptantha insolita (J.F.Macbride) Payson]
Oreocarya interrupta Greene	[Cryptantha interrupta (Greene) Payson]
Oreocarya johnstonii (L.C.Higgins) Hasenstab & M.G.Simpson G2	[Cryptantha johnstonii L.C.Higgins]
Oreocarya jonesiana Payson G2	[Cryptantha jonesiana (Payson) Payson]
Oreocarya leucophaea (Douglas) Greene  G2	[Cryptantha leucophaea (Douglas) Payson]
Oreocarya longiflora A.Nelson G3	[Cryptantha longiflora (A.Nelson) Payson]
Oreocarya macounii Eastwood	[Cryptantha macounii (Eastwood) Payson]
Oreocarya mensana (M. E. Jones) Payson G3	[Cryptantha mensana (M.E. Jones) Payson]
Oreocarya nubigena Greene (CAL) G3	[Cryptantha nubigena (Greene) Payson]
Oreocarya oblata (M. E. Jones) J.F.Macbride (MEX) G4	[Cryptantha oblata (M.E. Jones) Payson]
Oreocarya ochroleuca (L.C.Higgins) R.B.Kelley G3	[Cryptantha ochroleuca L.C.Higgins]
Oreocarya osterhoutii Payson G3	[Cryptantha osterhoutii (Payson) Payson]
Oreocarya palmeri (A.Gray) Greene (MEX)	[Cryptantha palmeri (A.Gray) Payson]
Oreocarya paradoxa A.Nelson G3	[Cryptantha paradoxa (A.Nelson) Payson]
Oreocarya paysonii J.F.Macbride G3	[Cryptantha paysonii (J.F.Macbride) I.M.Johnston]
Oreocarya propria A.Nelson & J.F.Macbride G4	[Cryptantha propria (A.Nelson & J.F.Macbride) Payson]
Oreocarya revealii W.A.Weber & R. C. Wittmann G2	[Cryptantha gypsophila Reveal & C.R. Broome]
Oreocarya rollinsii (I.M.Johnston) W.A.Weber  S3, G3	[Cryptantha rollinsii I.M.Johnston]
Oreocarya roosiorum (Munz) R.B.Kelley, Hasenstab, & M.G.Simpson (CAL) 1B.2, G2	[Cryptantha roosiorum Munz]
Oreocarya rugulosa Payson G3	[Cryptantha rugulosa (Payson) Payson]
Oreocarya salmonensis A.Nelson & J.F.Macbride G3	[Cryptantha salmonensis (A.Nelson & J.F.Macbride) Payson]
Oreocarya schoolcraftii (Tiehm) R.B.Kelley (CAL) 2B.2, G3	[Cryptantha schoolcraftii Tiehm]
Oreocarya semiglabra (Barneby) Hasenstab & M.G.Simpson G1	[Cryptantha semiglabra Barneby]
Oreocarya sericea (A.Gray) Greene	[Cryptantha sericea (A.Gray) Payson]
Oreocarya setosissima (A.Gray) Greene	[Cryptantha setosissima (A.Gray) Payson]
Oreocarya shackletteana (L.C.Higgins) R.B.Kelley G1	[Cryptantha shackletteana L.C.Higgins]
Oreocarya sheldonii Brand	[Cryptantha sheldonii (Brand) Payson]
Oreocarya sobolifera (Payson) R.B.Kelley (CAL) WI/IN	[Cryptantha sobolifera Payson]
Oreocarya spiculifera Piper	[Cryptantha spiculifera (Piper) Payson]
Oreocarya stricta Osterhout G3	[Cryptantha stricta (Osterh.) Payson]
Oreocarya subcapitata (Dorn & Lichvar) R.B.Kelley G1	[Cryptantha subcapitata Dorn & Lichvar]
Oreocarya subretusa (I.M.Johnston) Abrams (CAL)	[Cryptantha subretusa I.M.Johnston]
Oreocarya suffruticosa (Torrey) Greene (MEX)	[Cryptantha cinerea (Greene) Cronquist]
var. arenicola (L.C.Higgins & S.L.Welsh) R.B.Kelley	[C. c. var. arenicola L.C.Higgins & S. L. Welsh]
var. cinerea (Greene) Payson	[C. c. var. cinerea (Greene) Cronquist]
var. laxa (J.F.Macbride) R.B.Kelley	[C. c. var. laxa (MacBride) L.C.Higgins]
var. multicaulis (Torrey) Payson	[C. jamesii Payson var. multicaulis (Torr.) Payson]
var. pustulosa (Rydberg) R.B.Kelley	[C. c. var. pustulosa (Rydberg) L.C.Higgins]
var. setosa (M. E. Jones) R.B.Kelley	[C. jamesii Payson var. setosa (M.E. Jones) Shinners]
var. suffruticosa	[C. c. var. cinerea]
Oreocarya tenuis Eastwood G3	[Cryptantha tenuis (Eastwood) Payson]
Oreocarya thompsonii (I.M.Johnston) Abrams G3	[Cryptantha thompsonii I.M.Johnston]
Oreocarya thyrsiflora Greene	[Cryptantha thrysiflora (Greene) Payson]
Oreocarya tumulosa Payson (CAL)	[Cryptantha tumulosa (Payson) Payson]
Oreocarya virgata (Porter) Greene	[Cryptantha virgata (Porter) Payson]
Oreocarya virginensis (M. E. Jones) J.F.Macbride (CAL)	[Cryptantha virginensis (M.E. Jones) Payson]
Oreocarya weberi (I.M.Johnston) W.A.Weber G3	[Cryptantha weberi I.M.Johnston]
Oreocarya welshii (K.H.Thorne & L.C.Higgins) R.B.Kelley	[Cryptantha welshii K.H.Thorne & L.C.Higgins]
Oreocarya wetherillii Eastwood G3	[Cryptantha wetherillii (Eastwood) Payson]
Oreocarya worthingtonii Sivinski G1

Federal Listings:

F.E. = Federally Endangered

Nature Serve Rankings:

G1 = Critically Imperiled G2 = Imperiled G3 = Vulnerable GH = Possibly Extinct

California Native Plant Society (CNPS) Inventory Listings:

1A = Plants presumed extirpated in California and either rare or extinct elsewhere 1B = Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere 2A = Plants presumed extirpated in California but common elsewhere 2B = Plants rare, threatened, or endangered in California but common elsewhere 3 = Plants about which more information is needed, a review list 4 = Plants of limited distribution, a watch list .1 = Seriously threatened in California — Over 80% of occurrences threatened / high degree and immediacy of threat .2 = Moderately threatened in California — 20-80% of occurrences threatened / moderate degree and immediacy of threat .3 = Not very threatened in California — Less than 20% of occurrences threatened / low degree and immediacy of threat or no current threats known

Plant Taxa with High Affinity to Ultramafic Substrates in California (after Safford et al. 2005):

BE/SI = Broad Endemic/Strong Indicator SE = Strong Endemic SI = Strong Indicator

WI = Weak Indicator WI/IN = Weak Indicator/Indifferent

IN PROGRESS:

Oreocarya coryi (I.M.Johnston) comb. nov., in progress Oreocarya flumenavia sp. nov., in progress Oreocarya higginsii sp. nov., in progress Oreocarya howelliana sp. nov., in progress Oreocarya montana sp. nov., in progress Oreocarya ursina sp. nov., in progress

LISTING OF INFRAGENERIC GROUPS

KEY

CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF AMSINCKIINAE, including Oreocarya


LITERATURE CITED:

Casper, B. B. and D. Wiens. 1981. Fixed rates of random ovule abortion in Cryptantha flava (Boraginaceae) and its possible relation to seed dispersal. Ecology 62:866-689. Casper, B. B. 1983. The efficiency of pollen transfer and rates of embryo initiation in Cryptantha (Boraginaceae). Oecologia 59:262-268. Casper, B. B. 1985. Self-incompatibility in distylous Cryptantha flava (Boraginaceae). New Phytologist 99:149-154. Casper, B. B. 1988. Evidence for selective embryo abortion in Cryptantha flava. The American Naturalist 132:318-326. Casper, B. B. 1994. Postdispersal sibling competition and the evolution of single-seededness in Cryptantha flava. Evolution 48:1377-1382. Casper, B. B., I. N. Forseth, and D. A. Wait. 2006. A stage-based study of drought response in Cryptantha flava (Boraginaceae): Gas exchange, water use efficiency,       and whole plant performance. American Journal of Botany 93:978-987. Greene, E. L. 1889. Some west American Asperifoliae II. Pittonia 1:55-60. Higgins, L. C. 1971. A revision of Cryptantha subgenus Oreocarya. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin Biological Series 8:1-62. Macbride, J. F. 1916. II. Revision of the genus Oreocarya. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University 48:20-38. Marushak, T. M. 2003a. Patterns of mating system evolution in Cryptantha section Oreocarya (Boraginaceae) - A phylogenetic approach. PhD Dissertation. University of Marlyand, College Park. Marushak, T. M. 2003b. Patterns of mating system evolution in Cryptantha section Oreocarya (Boraginaceae) - A phylogenetic approach. PhD Dissertation. University of Marlyand, College Park. Payson, E. B. 1927. A monograph of the section Oreocarya of Cryptantha. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 14:211-358. Peek, M. S. and I. N. Forseth. 2003. Microhabitat dependent responses to resource pulses in the aridland perennial, Cryptantha flava. Journal of Ecology 91:457-466.       https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2003.00778.x

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