APPENDIX 4. List of vascular plants considered from other sources to have an AAD distribution, but rejected here. Updated 14 Nov 2017.

   Tax. = taxonomic unit of comparison:
      Sp = single species occurring in both North America (NA) and South America (SA).
      Sp-InC = the same two infraspecies (varieties or subspecies) occurring in both NA and SA.
      Sp-InD = two different infraspecies (varieties or subspecies) occurring in both NA and SA.
      Sp-Sp = two different species, either sister- or closely related, occurring in NA and SA.
  Dur./Hab. = plant duration, either A = annual, B = biennial, P = perennial, or a combination, and plant habit, either H = herb, S = shrub, T = tree, or a combination.
  Notes. = Information as to why rejected.

No. Region GROUP Family Genus Tax. AAD Taxon/Clade-NA SynonymyNA Dur.-Hab. AAD Taxon/Clade-SA SynonymySA Notes
0 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 Bipoloar FERNS Ophioglossaceae Botrychium Sp-Sp? Botrychium hesperium (Maxon & R.T.Clausen) W.H.Wagner & Lellinger Botrychium matricariifolium (Dšll) A.Braun ex W.D.J.Koch subsp. hesperium Maxon & R.T.Clausen P-H Botrychium ramosum A.Gray var. patagonicum Christ Botrychium matricariifolium (Dšll) A.Braun ex W.D.J.Koch subsp. patagonicum (Christ) R.T.Clausen Listed by Raven (1963), but only Botrychium dusenii (Christ) Alston now considered native to SA (D. Farrar, personal communication)
2 Temperate MONOCOTS Poaceae Agrostis Sp Agrostis tandilensis (Kuntze) Parodi Bromidium tandilense (Kuntze) Rśgolo A-H                          "   Listed by Raven (1963), but reported non-native in USA (Jepson Flora Project (eds.), 2017; USDA-NCRS, 2017) and in MEX (Rebman et al., 2016, although no voucher reported; not listed in Villase–or, 2016)
3 Temperate     Festuca Sp Festuca myuros L. Festuca megalura Nutt., Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. var. hirsuta Hack., Vulpia myuros f. myuros, Vulpia myuros var. myuros A-H                          "   Listed by Raven (1963), as Festuca megalura Nutt., but not native to USA (Jepson Flora Project (eds.), 2017; USDA-NRCS, 2017) or Mexico (Rebman et al., 2016); Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. var. hirsuta Hack. is considered native to the S. Cone region of SA (Zuloaga et al., 2008)
4 Temperate     Hordeum Sp Hordeum jubatum L.   AP-H                          " Hordeum jubatum L. var. pampeanum Haum. Listed by Raven (1963); native to NA, but introduced in SA (Baden and Bothmer, 1994; Zuloaga et al., 2008)
5 Bipoloar     Poa Sp Poa glauca Vahl.   P-H                          "   Listed by Raven (1963), but introduced into at least the Southern Cone region of SA (Zuloaga et al., 2008)
6 Temperate       Sp Poa pratensis L. s.s. P-H                          "   Listed by Raven (1963) as "The circumboreal P. pratensis L. sens. lat. likewise probably occurs as a native in s. S. A., but the picture is confused by the cultivation and common introduction of this important pasture grass". But, considered introduced into at least the Southern Cone region of SA (Zuloaga et al., 2008)
7 Temperate EUDICOTS Aizoaceae Carpobrotus Sp Carpobrotus chilensis (Mol.) N.E.Br.   P-H                          "   Listed by Raven (1963), but thought to be introduced by humans from South Africa to Chile, then to North America (Bicknell and Mackey, 1998; Vivrette, 2003)
8 Temperate   Asteraceae Madia Sp Madia gracilis (Sm.) D.D Keck & J.C.Clausen ex Applegate   A-H     Listed by Raven (1963), but apparently does not occur in SA (Zulozaga, et al. 2008)
9 Temperate     Malacothrix Sp Malacothrix coulteri Harv. & A.Gray   A-H                          "   Listed by Raven (1963); introduced at least into Argentina and Chile, according to Zuloaga et al., 2008
10 Temperate     Soliva Sp Soliva sessilis Ruiz & Pav. Soliva daucifolia Nutt.; Soliva pterosperma (Juss.) Less. A-H                          " Soliva valdiviana Phil. Listed by Raven (1963). Native to SA (Zuloaga et al., 2008), but naturalized in CAN and USA (Jepson Flora Project (eds.), 2017; USDA-NRCS, 2017)
11 Temperate   Boraginaceae Myosotis Sp Myosotis verna Nutt.   A-H                          " Myosotis virginiana (L.) B. S. P.) Listed by Raven (1963). Native to CAN and USA (USDA-NRCS, 2017) but listed as non-native to the southern Cone region of SA (Zuloaga et al., 2008)
12 Bipoloar   Caryophyllaceae Honckenya Sp Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh   P-H                          "   Listed by Raven (1963), but no longer considered to occur in Chile (Wagner 2005). Possibly of anthropochorus origin (S‡nchez-Vilas, 2007). See: http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=220006496
13 Temperate     Paronychia Sp Paronychia franciscana Eastw   P-H                          "   Listed by Raven (1963). Not native to NA (Jepson Flora Project (eds.), 2017; USDA, 2017); native to SA-CHL (Zuloaga et al., 2008)
14 Temperate     Silene Sp Silene antirrhina L.   A-H                          "   Native to NA (Jepson Flora Project (eds.), 2017; USDA, 2017); not native to SA (Zuloaga et al., 2008)
15 Temperate     Spergularia Sp Spergularia platensis (Cambess.) Fenzl var. platensis Spergula platensis (Cambess.) Shinners A-H                          "   Not native to NA (USDA, 2017; Jepson Flora Project (eds.), 2017); native to SA (Zuloaga et al., 2008); another variety native to SA-ARG, introduced in CHL (Jepson Flora Project (eds.), 2017)
16 Temperate   Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium Sp Chenopodium carnosulum Moq.   A-H                          "   Cited by Raven (1963), Chenopodium carnosulum is apparently not native to SA (Zuloaga et al., 2016). The species was cited for coastal southern California but is now identified as the native C. littoreum Benet-Pierce & M.G. Simpson (Benet-Pierce and M.G. Simpson 2010)
17 Temperate     Oxybasis Sp Oxybasis macrosperma (Hook. f.) S.Fuentes, Uotila & Borsh Chenopodium macrospermum Hook. f. A-H                          "   Cited by Raven (1963, as Chenopodium macrospermum). Not native to NA (Rebman et al., 2016; Jepson Flora Project (eds.), 2017; USDA, 2017); two subspp. native to SA-ARG,CHL,PRY (Zuloaga et al., 2008)
18 Temperate   Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia Sp Euphorbia spathulata Lam.   A-H                          "   Listed by Raven (1963). Native to NA (Jepson Flora Project (eds.), 2017). Introduced in ARG, BRA (Zuloaga et al., 2008)
19 Bipoloar   Fabaceae Lathyrus Sp Lathyrus japonicus Willd.   P-H                          "   Listed by Raven 1963, but now considered non-native in the Southern Cone region of SA (Zuloaga et al., 2008)
20 Temperate   Onagraceae Oenothera Sp Oenothera curtiflora W.L.Wagner & Hoch Gaura parviflora Douglas ex Lehm.; Gaura parviflora var. lachnocarpa Weath.; Gaura mollis James, nom. rej. A-H                          " Gaura parviflora Dougl. ex Hook. var lachnocarpa Introduced to California, USA (Jepson Flora Project (eds.), 2017) and to Baja California, Mexico (Rebman et al. 2016), but native to other parts of USA and Mexico (Villase–or, 2016; USDA-NRCS, 2017). Introduced to Southern Cone (Zuloaga et al., 2008)
21 Temperate   Plantaginaceae Nuttallanthus Sp Nuttallanthus texanus (Scheele) D.A.Sutton Linaria canadensis (L.) Dum.Cours. var. texana (Scheele) Pennell; Linaria canadensis (L.) Chaz., in part, misappl. AB-H                          "   Listed by Raven (1963). Native to NA (USDA-NRCS, 2017), but non-native to SA (Zuloaga et al., 2008)
22 Temperate     Plantago Sp Plantago firma Kunze ex Walp. Plantago truncata Cham. & Schltdl. subsp. firma (Kunze ex Walp.) Pilg. A-H                          "   Listed by Raven (1963), as Plantago truncata. Native to SA (Zuloaga et al., 2008). Introduced in USA (Jepson eFlora Project (eds.), 2017; USDA-NCRS, 2017)